Physics-based friction loss for pressure pipes.
Physics-based friction loss using Reynolds number and a friction factor (laminar exact; turbulent via Swamee–Jain approximation). Default ν = 1.0×10−6 m²/s (water ~20 °C) and ε are user/engineering assumptions, not ALFA certificates.
What it calculates: Darcy–Weisbach calculator results for preliminary design discussion. Outputs are educational aids — validate against project codes and manufacturer data before construction.
Head loss hf ≈ f (L/D) (V²/2g) (Darcy–Weisbach). Friction factor f depends on regime and roughness.
Length L, internal diameter D, mean velocity V, friction factor f, gravity g. Enter consistent SI or clearly labeled units.
Assumes steady incompressible flow in a circular pipe. Does not replace transient (water-hammer) analysis or manufacturer roughness data.
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